In the article “Mechanisms and applications of the anti-inflammatory effects of photobiomodulation,” Michael R. Hamblin explores the therapeutic benefits of photobiomodulation (PBM), also known as low-level laser therapy (LLLT), which uses red and near-infrared light to promote healing, relieve pain, and reduce inflammation. The study identifies key cellular mechanisms involved in PBM, particularly the role of cytochrome c oxidase in mitochondria and calcium ion channels. When light is absorbed by these cellular components, it triggers a cascade of biochemical events, including an increase in ATP production, nitric oxide release, and modulation of oxidative stress. Notably, PBM has a biphasic dose response—low levels of light stimulate beneficial cellular activity, while higher doses can inhibit certain processes. The therapy is especially effective in reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, which can aid in managing a variety of inflammatory conditions.
The study highlights the broad applications of PBM in reducing inflammation across different tissues and conditions, including joint disorders, traumatic injuries, lung diseases, and neurological conditions. PBM has been shown to decrease inflammatory markers, such as reactive nitrogen species and prostaglandins, in animal models, and reduce M1 macrophage activity, which is involved in inflammation. The therapy’s ability to reduce markers of inflammation in the brain, fat, wounds, lungs, and spinal cord suggests its potential as a non-invasive treatment for chronic inflammatory diseases. Overall, Hamblin’s research demonstrates how red and near-infrared light therapy can provide a powerful tool for managing inflammation, promoting healing, and improving overall health.
